![]() ![]() The apella voted on peace and war, treaties and foreign policy in general: it decided which of the kings should conduct a campaign and settled questions of disputed succession to the throne: it elected elders, Ephors and other magistrates, emancipated helots and perhaps voted on legal proposals. But the actual debate was almost confined to the kings, elders, Ephors and perhaps the other magistrates. The Apella was the deliberative assembly. High state policy decisions were discussed by this council who could then propose action alternatives to the Apella, the collective body of Spartan citizenry, who would select one of the alternatives by voting. The Gerousia consisted of 28 elders over the age of 60, elected for life and usually part of the royal households, and the two kings. Aristotle describes the kingship at Sparta as “a kind of unlimited and perpetual generalship.”Ĭivil and criminal cases were decided by a group of officials known as the Ephors, as well as a council of elders known as the Gerousia. The duties of the kings were primarily religious, judicial, and military. ![]() The state was ruled by two hereditary kings of the Agiad and Eurypontid families, both descendants of Heracles and equal in authority, so that one could not act against the power and political enactments of his colleague. ![]()
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